The study course deals with the structural features of nanomaterials in relation to their properties and applications. The main focus is on phase processes in the synthesis of nanomaterials, describing in detail the methods of chemical synthesis of nanomaterials. The processes of synthesis, structural features and properties of nanotubes and nanofibers are considered. Recent trends in silicon chemistry and applications are discussed. Literature findings on nanocatalytic processes, nanoporous materials, their synthesis processes, properties and applications are provided. Information on large-scale nanomaterials extraction methods, photochemical processes in nanomaterials, nanoparticle electrochemistry, as well as self-organization building elements and principles, nanolithography capabilities and nanomanipulations are provided. Recent trends in silicon chemistry and applications are discussed.