Aerodynamic problems. Fluid and gas properties. Specific gravity and density. Viscosity, fluid resistance. Internal forces in fluid (gas). International Standard Atmosphere (ISA). Streamline and streamtube. Continuum equation. Vortices. Bernoulli's integral, venturi. Static, dynamic and total pressure. Concept of similarity. Experimental aerodynamics formulas.
The airfoil, its geometric characteristics: camber, chord. Airfoil aerodynamic coefficients and their connection with the pressure coefficient. Airfoil lift and drag coefficients versus angle of attack. Boundary layer stall. Airfoil centre of pressure and aerodynamic centre (focus). Concept of boundary layer. Laminar layer and turbulent boundary layer.
Wing form, aspect ratio. Wrapping. Generation of lift and drag: angle of attack, aerodynamic coefficients. Induced drag. Polar curve of airplane and L/D ratio. Lift forcing devices of a wing: slat, flap, flap-aileron. Drag forcing devices of a wing: spoiler, air brake. Vortex generator.
Speed of sound. Sound propagation. Subsonic, transonic, and supersonic flight. Compressibility effect. Mach number, critical Mach number, shock waves, heating, areas law. Sweep-back wing critical Mach number. Control devices: elevator, rudder, aileron. Trim tab, antiservo tab, spring servo tab. Elementary flight theory: level flight, climbing, descending, take off, landing, manures. Four forces of flight. Concepts of stability and control.